Acid Base Titration
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Submitted by freefortermpapers on 06/24/2008 03:00 PM
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Acid Base Titration
Purpose
To determine the [NaOH] of a solution by titrating it with a standard HCl solution, determine the moles of NaOH requires to neutralize an unknown acid, and to calculate the molecular mass of the unknown acid.
Introduction
Titration is defined as an analytical procedure in which an unknown solution of unknown concentration is combined slowly and carefully with a standard solution until a colour change of some indicator or some other signal shows that equivalent quantities have reacted. Either solution can be the titrant in a buret with the other solution being in a receiving flask. An apparatus that is employed in titration experiments is called a buret. A buret is marked in volumes, usually in increments of 0.10 mL. Precisely measured volumes of the unknown concentration a standard solution are added to the receiving flask from the buret. This addition is continued until some visual effect, such as colour change, signals that the two reactants have combined in just the right ratio to give a complete reaction. The valve at the bottom of the buret is called a stopcock, and permits the analyst to control the amount of titrant (solution in the buret) that is delivered to the receiving flask. This permits the addition of the titrant to be stopped once the reaction is complete.
When an acid-base titration is performed, the analyst adds a drop or two of an indicator solution to the solution in the receiving flask prior to the start of the titration. An acid-base indicator is a dye that has one colour in an acidic solution and a different colour in a basic solution. A common example is litmus, which is red in acid and blue in bases, and phenolphthalein, which is colourless in acid and pink in bases. In performing the titration, the analyst looks for a change in colour that signals that the solution has changed from acidic to basic (or basic to acidic). As the end of the reaction is approached, the...
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