Acupuncture
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Submitted by freefortermpapers on 06/24/2008 03:00 PM
- Category: Medical
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Acupuncture
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES OF ACUPUNCTURE
What is acupuncture? According to the Vickers & Zollman (1999), "Acupuncture is the stimulation of special points on the body, usually by the insertion of fine needles". Its origins lie in the Far East, and since the 1970s has gained popularity in the western world as a complementary therapy. Acupuncture is thought to be 3000 years old, with artifacts dating back to 1000BC and first classical texts appearing around 200BC (Beal, 2000; Ceniceros & Brown, 1998; Kaptchuk, 2002; Kenner, 2005; Mainfort, 2004; Ulett et al, 1998; Wolfson, 2003). These texts detail the beginning of this new Chinese medical philosophy and its separation, for the first time, from earlier shamanistic and religious traditions (Kaptchuk, 2002; Kenner, 2005; Mainfort, 2004; Ullett, 1997).
Kaptchuk (2002, p.374) discussed that early acupuncture likely arose from "a multilinear development". Primitive needle-like therapy using bamboo or bone to open abscesses may have contributed, and the presence of non-decorative tattoos on mummies detailing acupuncture point locations from the stone age suggests another possible contribution. Other hypotheses that may implicate acupuncture origins include the discovery of traditional methods of stimulating acupuncture points via heat or blood-letting, as well as the observation that certain parts of the body would not bleed when penetrated (Beal, 2000; Kaptchuk, 2002; Mainfort, 2004; Ullett, 1997).
Whatever the exact origins of acupuncture were, over the next millennium, this new framework was elaborated upon extensively into a more cohesive theoretical paradigm, incorporating many of the core principles practiced today (Beal, 2000; Kenner, 2005). During this golden era of acupuncture, its acceptance began to become more widespread, and by the sixth century AD, acupuncture theory had reached countries such as Japan and Korea (Kenner, 2005).
Acupuncture use...
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